Cancer Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, prevent complications and prolong life.
People with a mild form of the disease or whose diagnosis is uncertain are usually carefully watched without treatment. Some people have a kind of slowly developing multiple myeloma, which takes years to manifest symptoms.
Drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma include:
• Dexamethasone, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, Doxil, thalidomide, lenalidomide (Revlimid) and bortezomib (Velcade), which can be used together or separately.
• Bisphosphonates (pamidronate) to reduce bone pain and prevent fractures.
Radiotherapy may be performed to relieve bone pain or treating a bone tumor.
The two types of bone marrow transplantation can be tested:
• The auto-transplantation of bone marrow or stem cell transplant uses the patient's own stem cells. In younger patients, it was shown to increase the survival rate.
• The Tx uses stem cells from another person. This treatment involves serious risks but offers the possibility of healing.
People with multiple myeloma should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and help maintain proper kidney function. They should be careful when doing tests that use X-ray contrast.
Prevention
It is suspected a patient with multiple myeloma, bone pain when it presents and tests reveal bone lesions in the skull, spine, or ribs, anemia, kidney failure, and elevated levels of calcium in the blood and urina.O diagnosis is made when bone marrow aspiration revealed increased numbers of cells plasmáticas.Uma further analysis of these cells may indicate prognosis.
Multiple myeloma is a treatable disease and many patients may have a life span of many years after diagnosis.
Treatment options include drugs that affect the immune system, chemotherapy or radiation. Desde mid-90s, treatment with high dose melphalan (chemotherapy drug), followed by a transplantation of autologous stem cells (stem cells using propio patient), has been part of therapy for patients with newly diagnosed, under 70 years, and without outas serious diseases.
Cancer Papilloma
A papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor type, which causes projections on the skin-shaped papillae or warts. Often is associated with human papillomavirus.
It is generally very difficult to completely eradicate the infection and therefore in most cases treatment to reduce or eliminate the damage caused by HPV. As the infection underlying injury remains, is the frequent occurrence of relapses and should keep medical monitoring.
Most methods have good results, with no further data that point to a preferred procedure, nor information on the comparative effectiveness of monotherapy and combined treatments, so the therapeutic approach is left to the discretion of the physician and the patient.
• Topical agents - On injury, promote the dissolution of keratin and / or death of the cells that constitute the lesion. Ex: podophyllin, 5-fluorouracil, trichloroacetic acid.
• Immunomodulators - substances that stimulate the immune system fight infection. Ex: imiquimod, retinoids, interferon.
• Surgical procedures - removal of lesions through various processes, for example, excision with a scalpel, high-frequency surgery, laser therapy and cryotherapy.
Prognosis
The cutaneous lesions (warts) are generally not of concern from the standpoint of clinical status. The main complication is associated with progression to cancer lesions caused by certain types of HPV, especially in the cervix. The lesions observed by cytology or biopsy are categorized into three stages, ranging from CIN-I (mild dysplasia)-CIN III (carcinoma in situ''''), which has a high probability of invasive cervical cancer progresses to. A greater extent of dysplasia carries a worse prognosis, so the sooner it is diagnosed, the better are the chances that injuries are controlled with treatment. It is very unlikely that after diagnosis and early treatment dysplasia developing into cancer.
In immunocompromised patients, the risk of progression to cancer is high due to low responsiveness against the offending agent as well as the decreased ability to detect and destroy infected cells.
The results of a Pap smear may often indicate the presence of atypical cells (ASCUS, English undertemined atypical cells of significance). As the name implies, these atypical cells do not have a clear meaning, but are an indication to increase the level of preventive vigilance.