Merkel's tumor is a type of skin cancer rare and deadly strikes most often in the elderly and those whose immune systems are weakened by HIV infection, or by treatment to prevent rejection of an organ transplant.
Treatment
The Merkel cell carcinoma are initially treated with wide local excision or Mohs surgery.
These cancers tend to spread to the lymph nodes or other organs. For this reason, even if enlarged lymph nodes does not appear, many doctors recommend a sentinel node biopsy to diagnose the tumor can spread to lymph nodes. In this procedure, the node most likely to contain cancer that has spread is removed and sent for analysis by a pathologist. This procedure should be performed before surgery skin. If the sentinel node was invaded by cancer cells, is performed total lymph node dissection. Often after surgery, it is necessary to perform radiation treatment of the affected area to reduce the risk of relapse. In the case of many nodes have cancerous cells is recommended adjuvant chemotherapy.
If nearby lymph nodes are increased when cancer is diagnosed, it is a biopsy needle aspiration to determine whether these lymph nodes contain cancer cells. If cancer cells are found, treatment options include lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, or a combination of both. The adjuvant chemotherapy may also be considered.
For skin cancers or metastatic recurrence, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these therapies can be used. These treatments can relieve symptoms and control the disease for a while, but rarely cure the Merkel cell carcinoma metastatic.
Prevention
According to INCA (National Institute of Cancer), the number of new cases in Brazil in 2008 reached nearly 3,000, for men and women. The World Health Organization estimates that each year the incidence of this type of cancer is approximately 0.23 per 100,000 inhabitants, the white population, while the proportion in the black is just 0.01 / 100,000. And only 5% of those who develop the disease have less than 50 years.
United States Only about 1,500 cases are reported annually. Half of these patients is achieved by the most advanced and aggressive, and survival of nine months at most.
Historically Merkel carcinoma was discovered in 1972 under the name of trabecular carcinoma, but today, the more correct name to be used is of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). The disease has proliferated greatly in the last 20 years and nearly tripled the number of carriers. These data have left doctors and researchers concerned.
According to Yaw Mendonça, Epidemiology Service Coordination Program for Cancer Control, the INCA, in his work on skin cancer in 2006, one of the factors that contributes to tumor development, is the extreme sun exposure. Both those who go to the beach, as those who practice outdoor sports or are the rural worker is more likely to develop the disease. Although not yet fully proven this theory is the most accepted.
The researcher also alert to the fact there was not as much miscegenation in southern and southeastern Brazil, although the predominance of European descent, people of these places, by their racial characteristics are more likely to develop cancer. However there is no research that reveals more detailed statistical data on the subject.
To combat this and all other skin cancers are needed, first of all, primary prevention, that is, protection from sunlight, through filters, caps and avoid sun exposure during peak critics, who vai from 10h to 15h. The self-examination contributes to early diagnosis. If the person notice any signs or new stain or change therein should immediately seek a dermatologist.
Treatment
The Merkel cell carcinoma are initially treated with wide local excision or Mohs surgery.
These cancers tend to spread to the lymph nodes or other organs. For this reason, even if enlarged lymph nodes does not appear, many doctors recommend a sentinel node biopsy to diagnose the tumor can spread to lymph nodes. In this procedure, the node most likely to contain cancer that has spread is removed and sent for analysis by a pathologist. This procedure should be performed before surgery skin. If the sentinel node was invaded by cancer cells, is performed total lymph node dissection. Often after surgery, it is necessary to perform radiation treatment of the affected area to reduce the risk of relapse. In the case of many nodes have cancerous cells is recommended adjuvant chemotherapy.
If nearby lymph nodes are increased when cancer is diagnosed, it is a biopsy needle aspiration to determine whether these lymph nodes contain cancer cells. If cancer cells are found, treatment options include lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, or a combination of both. The adjuvant chemotherapy may also be considered.
For skin cancers or metastatic recurrence, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these therapies can be used. These treatments can relieve symptoms and control the disease for a while, but rarely cure the Merkel cell carcinoma metastatic.
Prevention
According to INCA (National Institute of Cancer), the number of new cases in Brazil in 2008 reached nearly 3,000, for men and women. The World Health Organization estimates that each year the incidence of this type of cancer is approximately 0.23 per 100,000 inhabitants, the white population, while the proportion in the black is just 0.01 / 100,000. And only 5% of those who develop the disease have less than 50 years.
United States Only about 1,500 cases are reported annually. Half of these patients is achieved by the most advanced and aggressive, and survival of nine months at most.
Historically Merkel carcinoma was discovered in 1972 under the name of trabecular carcinoma, but today, the more correct name to be used is of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). The disease has proliferated greatly in the last 20 years and nearly tripled the number of carriers. These data have left doctors and researchers concerned.
According to Yaw Mendonça, Epidemiology Service Coordination Program for Cancer Control, the INCA, in his work on skin cancer in 2006, one of the factors that contributes to tumor development, is the extreme sun exposure. Both those who go to the beach, as those who practice outdoor sports or are the rural worker is more likely to develop the disease. Although not yet fully proven this theory is the most accepted.
The researcher also alert to the fact there was not as much miscegenation in southern and southeastern Brazil, although the predominance of European descent, people of these places, by their racial characteristics are more likely to develop cancer. However there is no research that reveals more detailed statistical data on the subject.
To combat this and all other skin cancers are needed, first of all, primary prevention, that is, protection from sunlight, through filters, caps and avoid sun exposure during peak critics, who vai from 10h to 15h. The self-examination contributes to early diagnosis. If the person notice any signs or new stain or change therein should immediately seek a dermatologist.
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