Acrocyanosis

Acrocyanosis refers to a permanent vascular disease that makes the skin of the hands and sometimes the feet with a purple or bluish color (cyanosis), manifesting itself especially in winter and in young women. Other features are cold and clammy skin, possibly looking pale and swollen. Cyanosis is associated with a benign condition that does not require medical intervention, but when it is benign, it can indicate a serious medical problem, often packaged with other diseases connective tissue disorders. Not to be confused with acrocyanosis Raynaud's disease, which is manifested by different conditions.

The acrocyanosis is also seen in patients with chronic neurohormonal disorder of the cardiovascular system or due to shock. Or, more rarely, can be a sign of a progressive and slow, such as heart failure.

His manifestation occurs at temperatures between 15 ° C and 18 ° C, and the bluish due to the predominance of oxygen-poor blood. And although there is no definitive treatment can ameliorate possibly heated holding the ends of the body.

Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is a rare skin disease characterized by hyperkeratosis (excess keratin) and hyperpigmentation (gray lesions and thickened, giving a warty appearance). It is often associated with obesity and endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, polycystic ovarian doeça, insulin-resistant diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and Cushing's syndrome.

Although it can occur anywhere on the body surface, the area most affected is the back of the neck, followed by the armpits, side of the neck, flexor surfaces of the limbs, periumbilical region, inframammary, oral mucosa or even, in rare cases, plant of the feet and palms.

The main causes are endocrine diseases: obesity is the most common disorder, often associated with hyperinsulinism, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance.

• Do you know there are four types of acanthosis nigricans:

• Miescher syndrome, which is a benign hereditary form;

• Carteaud Gougerot syndrome, which is also a benign form and possibly hereditary, but it appears in young women;

• The pseudo-acanthosis nigricans which is a benign juvenile form which is associated with obesity and endocrine disorders.

• the malignant acanthosis, paraneoplastic manifestation in adults who frequently associated with a tumor of the digestive tract and liver as well as lymphomas and melanoma.