Tricocefalíase

The nematode Trichuris trichiura is causing tricocefalíase. This disease has no intermediate host, occurs by ingestion of eggs of this animal, which are usually in soil, water and food, come from contaminated feces.

In the intestine, the eggs develop and, in approximately 90 days, the worms, now adults, mate and give birth to new parasites, daily. These are concentrated mainly in the cecum, colon and rectum.
Treatment
The treatment involves the use of allopathic such as albendazole. For monitoring, it is necessary to do these tests again 7, 14 and 21 days after the use of drugs.
Prevention
Hygiene measures such as washing fruits and vegetables before eating, wash your hands after going to the bathroom are the main ways to avoid the presence of these parasites. Sanitation and treatment of patients that are measured in the long run, can reduce dramatically the number of cases.

Acne serpiginous

It is a disease caused by the penetration of larvae of a common parasite in dogs and cats on the skin of persons.
Treatment
When the infestation is small, the processing is done only with specific ointments which should be used for a period of 10 to 15 days.
In the case of solid or infestations wherein the medicament does not work site, it is the treatment orally.
To relieve itching, it is recommended ice packs. It is not advisable to use methods like homemade stick injuries with needles or pins.
Prevention
The contamination is highest during the summer, since this time the beaches are full and children often play in the sand.
To prevent contamination with animal geographic recommended to avoid direct contact with the sand, especially if it is wet. Always remember sitting in chairs, or on a mat, towel or sarong and wear slippers.

Enterobiasis

The Enterobiasis or Oxyuriasis is an infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis vermicularis or Oxyurus, which is located in the cecum (the final part of the small intestine), colon, rectum or appendix.
It has no intermediate host, parasite and unique man.
The females, after being fertilized, migrate the large intestine (colon) and rectum for rectal orifice, where they lay their eggs.
It affects children more often, especially in closed communities (orphanages, kindergartens and boarding schools).
Treatment
Treatment is indicated for all family members qdo. a case is diagnosed, to all attendees of a community group, to break the cycle of transmission that is the case stool ---> mouth ---> feces.
They are used as drugs mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel pamoate, all with high cure rates (95%).
The heteroinfecções are avoided by treating whole.
Despite high cure rates therapy should be repeated after 2 weeks.
The autoinfestações occur due to pruritus (itching) and the habit of taking the hand to mouth, especially in children.
The control of cure is done one week after the second treatment regimen, by the method of rectal swabs for 7 consecutive days (five or on alternate days).
Prevention
Prevention is done with personal hygiene habits like washing hands before meals, after using the toilet, after the act of headdress and before handling food. Keep nails trimmed flush to the fingers, to prevent accumulation of contaminated material. Avoid the anal region headdress naked and take her hands and mouth to keep the toilets clean.

Trichuriasis

The T. trichiura is a nematode worm spindle, and how everyone has complete digestive system. Mouth at the front end, simple opening - without lips, followed by the esophagus rather long and slender - 2/3 of the length. At the rear, that is enlarged, the reproductive system is simple and intestine. The adult worms are dioecious, with sexual dimorphism. Males is about 2.5 to 4 cm, females are larger than males, about 4 to 5 cm. Eggs have the appearance typical barrel or American football or the shape of lemons with about 45 to 65 micrometers long by 20 to 25 microns wide, and mucoid mass transparent at both ends (cappings polar).
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis is made by microscopic observation of parasite eggs in fecal samples. Drugs such as mebendazole and oxantel kill the adult forms.
Symptoms and Progression
If the parasite load is low, the disease is asymptomatic, but can occur if high extensive necrosis of the intestinal mucosa with bleeding and bloody diarrhea and can progress to anemia by iron deficit. Other symptoms are abdominal pain, weight loss in individuals already malnourished, bloating and fatigue. In unusual cases appendicitis can occur (if the worm enter the appendix and can not get out) with rectal prolapse and hemorrhoids.

Hydatid cyst

The hydatid cyst or hydatid disease is a parasitic disease caused by the larval form of the worm Echinococcus granulosus, a parasite belonging to the group of tapeworms, only present in the intestine of the dog. The larva is within the cysts, which have a size of approximately 2 to 5 cm.

The eggs are released into the environment by the dog through feces, these in turn contaminate water, soil, and reach the pastures where they can be ingested by sheep, cattle and pigs (intermediate hosts) or by man (accidental host) through water or vegetable contaminated. The eggs are broken in the intestine and release larvae that penetrate the mucosa and reaches the bloodstream.
Treatment
The preferential treatment in humans, is surgical removal, when you can not do the surgery, treatment with drugs is a viable option.
Prevention
This disease can be controlled through the adoption of preventive measures such as deworming of dogs, do not feed the dogs with raw viscera of sheep, conducting the inspection of food and implementation of effective public health education.

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a disease (water belly) very common in Brazil, caused by infestation of worms trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, parasitizing the veins of the liver and intestine in humans.

The life cycle of this invertebrate hosts by two passes: one intermediate and one final.

Initially the egg contained in the stools of a person contaminates deposited in aquatic environments, becomes a ciliated aquatic larvae called miracidia. That settles temporarily in a specific type of planorbid snail (Biomphalaria), changing into a larva called a cercaria.

The cercariae actively penetrate through the epidermis, when people (especially riparian) enjoy waterways contaminated. After penetration, the larvae reach the bloodstream where they are transported to the liver and intestine, standing there by suction cups, and reproducing sexually.

Treatment
The treatment is done with medicines that fight the parasite. There are three substances capable of eliminating S. mansoni, but the drug of choice is praziquantel.
Prevention
Good health education, sanitation, control of intermediate hosts (snails) and information about the mode of transmission of this disease, are necessary measures to prevent and control this disease.