Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection spread through physical contact during sex. It can also be transmitted through vaginal, rectal or oral.
Treatment
Condom
Hygiene postcoital
And when you already have contracted, it can be treated with antibiotics for 7 to 10 days.
Prevention
In sexual transmission recommended safe sex (abstinence, monogamous relationship with a partner HIV negative, condom use).
In transmission by blood caution is recommended in the management of blood (use of disposable syringes, require that all blood is to be transfused previously tested for the presence of HIV, use of gloves when handling potentially contaminated wounds or liquids).
There is, at present, effective vaccine for the prevention of HIV infection.
Control
The antibiotics that provide good results for this type of infection are:

- Tetracyclines
- Macrolides
- Next-generation fluoroquinolones

Condylomata Acuminata

The genital tract infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most common viral STD.
Genital warts (venereal warts, genital warts, warts-fig) are known for a long time, but until recently were considered trivial and sexual transmission was even questioned by some. It is now known that the genital warts is only the most obvious manifestation of HPV infections in the anogenital region.
There is much evidence supporting the concept that subclinical HPV infections are much more common than previously thought. In addition, diagnosis and treatment of HPV infections must take into account that some types are often associated with squamous atypia and less often with invasive anogenital region.
HPV is a DNA virus of 55 nm, papovavirus family. Infects the skin and mucous membranes, replicating in the nucleus of infected epithelial cells.
The final expression of the viral gene, synthesis of the capsid protein, viral DNA replication and virion assembly occurs almost exclusively on epithelial cells at the terminal stage of differentiation.
Currently the group has 70 distinct types HPV, 34 are associated with anogenital lesions. A subgroup of the anogenital types of HPV is detected more frequently in genital lesions.
HPV can not be grown in tissue culture. The inoculation experiments in vidada century and electron microscopy data over 30 years showed the first evidence of reproducible viral etiology of warts.
Currently, the location of HPV DNA in situ hybridization and molecular hybridization techniques have been used to confirm the presence of viruses in tissues.
Treatment
Treatment of genital warts can be frustrating because it often requires many con-consultations and relapse is common.
HPV is recovered on the banks of apparently healthy warts surgically resected, being responsible for some talbez recurrent lesions.
Recurrence results from a failure in the total eradication of epithelial cells containing HPV or reinfection from sexual partners infected.
Local treatment is done with application of caustic agents or antimetabolites (podophyllin, trichloroacetic acid, fluorouracil), cryotherapy, and electrodissection surgical resection. Patients with internal warts should be referred to specialist services.
All women with warts should undergo Pap smear to exclude coexisting CIN.
Although often used in laser surgery is not yet established efficacy in comparison with other treatment methods.
A severe restriction of laser therapy is the destruction of the lesion without histological evaluation to exclude malignancy.
Large lesions, confluent, necrotic and rapidly increasing in elderly or immunocompromised should be biopsied before treatment with laser or other destructive means local. The patient should also be followed carefully.
The intramuscular or intralesional injection of interferon has limited efficacy and severe side reactions. Not yet been established the need for treatment in subjects with subclinical infection.
Prevention
There is no way to prevent 100% safe, since HPV can be transmitted even through a towel or other object.
It is estimated that the use of condoms can spread between 70% and 80% of the transmissions, and its effectiveness is not greater because the virus can be hosted elsewhere, not necessarily to speak, but also on the skin of the pubic area, perineum and anus.
The novelty is the arrival, in 2006, the first vaccine to prevent infection by the two most common types of HPV, 6 and 11, accounting for 90% of the warts, and also the two most dangerous types, 16 and 18 responsible for 70% of cases of cervical cancer. Still under discussion values ​​for dose (3 doses) for the Brazilian private market.
Most of the time men do not manifest the disease. Yet are transmitters of the virus.
For women, it is important that they make the examination of preventing cancer of the cervix, known as "Pap" or preventive regularly.
Control
The epidemic nature of sexually transmitted diseases makes them difficult to control. Some public health officials attribute the increase in the number of cases of these diseases to increased sexual activity.
Another factor that contributes significantly is the replacement of condom use (condom) - which offers some protection - for pills and diaphragms with contraceptive methods. The patterns of sexually transmitted diseases are quite variable.
While syphilis and gonorrhea were both epidemic, intensive use of penicillin caused the frequency of syphilis fell to a level reasonably controlled, attention then turned to the control of gonorrhea, was when the frequency of syphilis increased again. Cases of genital herpes and chlamydia also increased during the 70's and during the early 80s.
Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is basically done with antibiotics.
Penicillin has been a drug effective against syphilis and gonorrhea, but many of the organisms that cause gonorrhea are now resistant to penicillin, is used in these cases ceftriaxone or spectinomicine.
Tetracycline is used to treat lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale and chlamydial uterite.
There are specific treatments for most sexually transmitted diseases, with the exception of molluscum contagiosum. The antivirus drug acyclovir has proven useful in the treatment of herpes.
The only way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases is through the location of individuals who have had sexual contact with infected people and determine whether they also need treatment. Find everyone, however, is quite difficult, especially because not all cases are reported.
AIDS (AIDS) and hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact, but these diseases can also be transmitted in other ways.

Donovanosis

It is a chronic and progressive. Appears on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital areas, perianal and inguinal. It can occur in other parts of the body, including internal organs.
Or if you prefer: It is a granulomatous disease of chronic subcutaneous or evolution, preferential location at the genital area or perigenital.
Also called:
Serpiginous ulcer or granuloma venereum, granuloma contagious, inguinal granuloma or granuloma
Treatment
The medication is based on antibiotics. There may be the need for surgical intervention to correct the sequelae. The processing ends with disappearance of the lesion. Being somewhat contagious, there is no need for partner treatment.
The most commonly used medications for treating donovanosis are: Streptomycin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and ampicillin. Apart from systemic therapy, surgical methods are used for correction of cicatricial changes and strictures. Can also be employed weak solutions of silver nitrate and podophyllin vegetative forms, or with copious granulation tissue.
Prevention
Preventing donovanosis well as other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is done through the use of condoms in any sexual relationship, whether vaginal, anal or oral. It is important to check if the wound is protected with a condom because the wound is exposed to contact with the partner, the donovanosis at great risk of being transmitted.
Avoid intercourse while there are still symptoms of the disease is essential for the prevention of donovanosis. Breast self-examination of the genitals, noting the smell, color, appearance and skin have some abnormality, help identify the existence of faster and make donovanosis medical intervention as briefly as possible.
People who held intercourse with an infected person should see a doctor for tests and appropriate treatment.
Control
Interrupt the chain of transmission by screening and referral of patients with STDs and their partners for diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Counseling (private): Guidelines for the patient, making it discriminates against possible hazardous conditions present in their sexual practices, develop awareness of the importance of their treatment and their sexual partners and promoting preventive behaviors.
Promotion of condom use: most effective method for reducing the risk of transmission of HIV and other STDs.
Call for partners for counseling and promotion of condom use (must follow the principles of reliability, absence of coercion and protection against discrimination).
Health education in general.
Note - The associations between different STDs are common, especially now the relationship between the presence of STDs and increased risk of HIV infection, especially in the presence of genital ulcers. Thus, if the trader is unable to perform counseling, pre-and post-test to detect HIV antibodies, upon diagnosis of one or more STDs, this option should be offered to patients. Therefore, any sexually transmitted disease is in search of sentinel event for other STDs and possible association with HIV. It is also necessary to note that the Ministry of Health has
Implementing a "syndromic approach" to STD patients in order to increase the sensitivity in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, to achieve greater impact in their control.

Scabies or Scabies

Parasitic disease of the skin caused by a mite (Sarcoptes sacabiei) whose penetrating injury leaves shaped vesicles, papules, or small grooves in which it lays its eggs.
The preferred areas of the skin where they visualize these injuries are: interdigital regions, wrists (anterior), armpits (previous folds), peri-umbilical region, intergluteal cleft, external genital organs in men. In children and the elderly, can also occur on the scalp, palms and soles.
The itching is intense and typically higher during the night, being the period of breeding and egg deposition. It is also known as scabies.
Treatment
Skin lotions are specific for scabies and can also be used drugs specific for the relief of itching and should only be given by a doctor.
The clothes everyday and bedding should be changed daily, washing and ironing to put the house ferro.Todas people who have any kind of itching should treat the same time, to avoid nails recontaminação.As should be scrubbed with soap acaricides for the removal of parasites deposited there by scratching.
Prevention
To prevent the disease does not use personal clothing, bedding or towels borrowed, avoid agglomerations or close contact with persons of dubious hygienic habits.
In people with good hygiene habits, scabies can be confused with other diseases that cause itch, and the correct diagnosis be performed by a dermatologist that will indicate the optimal treatment for each case.
Control
Patient care: wash your bathing suits and bedding in hot water (at least 55 ° C), washing with hot water all fomites of patients with Norwegian scabies; pursue cases in the family or living in the same household of the patient and treat them as soon as possible. Scabies rarely comes as an isolated case, therefore treat people who have had skin contact with the patient.
Insulation: should the individual away from school or work until 24 hours after the end of treatment. In case of hospitalized patients, it is recommended isolation to prevent outbreaks in nursing homes, both for other patients, and for health professionals, especially in the case of Norwegian scabies. The insulation shall continue for 24/48 hours after the start of treatment.

Gardnerella vaginalis

Gardnerella is a bacterium that is part of normal vaginal flora 20 to 80% of sexually active women. When, by an imbalance in this flora, there is a predominance of this bacterium (according to some authors in association with other germs as bacteroides, Mobiluncus, mycoplasma etc..), We have a picture of what is called bacterial vaginosis.
You use this term to distinguish it from vaginitis, which occurs in a real infection of vaginal tissues. In vaginosis, on the other hand, tissue injury do not exist or are very discrete, characterized only by the disruption of normal vaginal microbial balance. Vaginosis by gardnerella may not show clinical signs (signs or symptoms). When they occur, these events are characterized by a homogeneous yellowish or grayish discharge with bubbles scattered on its surface and an unpleasant odor active. The pruritus (itching) vaginal is cited by some patients but not common. After intercourse, the presence of sperm (basic pH) in the vaginal environment, usually occurs the release of odor similar to rotten fish.
No man can be a cause of urethritis and possibly balanitis (inflammation of the foreskin and glans). Urethritis is usually asymptomatic and rarely require treatment. When these symptoms are restricted to a pruritus (itching) and a slight burning (burning) urination. Rarely causes secretion (runny) urethral. No man is contaminated we can speak effectively it is an STD.
Normal microbial flora: Our body, from birth, comes into contact with germs (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc..) Which will be locating in the skin and cavity (mouth, genitals, urethra, intestines, etc.). Characterizing what is called the Normal Microbial Flora. Normal is inexorable and because it establishes a harmonious balance with our body. There are circumstances in which this balance can discard (other infections, antibiotics, `` stress, depression, pregnancy etc.). And determining the predominance of one or more of its germ components, thus causing the onset of an infection.
Treatment
The treatment is based on ending the symptoms and restore balance of vaginal microbiota.
The most widely used drugs for Gardnerella nitroimidazole antimicrobials are: metronidazole and tinidazole secnidazole used systemically. Are administered in a single dose of 2.0 g (secnidazole and tinidazole) or 400mg of 12 to 12 hours, orally for seven days (metronidazole). You can also make use of clindamycin, 300 mg orally every 12 hours for 12 hours for seven days. The sexual partner must also be treated in order to prevent relapses.
In general, during the treatment, it is recommended sexual abstinence and no intake of alcoholic beverages, due to the effect antabuse.
Side effects more intense treatment with nitroimidazoles are gastrointestinal (nausea and metallic taste).
Local treatment can be done associated with systemic treatment, especially in relapses. You can also make local treatment for correction of vaginal pH and adequate correction of deviations from the normal flora, where lactobacilli should predominate.

Prevention
Use of Condoms;
Avoid vaginal douches, except under medical recommendation;
Limit the number of sexual partners;
Perform periodic gynecological examinations and controls.

Complications
The main complications that an infection can lead Gardnerella are:
Infertility.
Salpingitis (pelvic inflammation of the fallopian tubes)
Endometritis ("inflammation and / or irritation of the endometrium)
Abortion
During pregnancy can cause premature or low birthweight infants
Increased risk of HIV infection if there is contact with the virus
Increases the chances of contracting other infections such as gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, etc..