Salmonellosis

The salmonella gastroenteritis, or Salmonellosis is a bacterial infectious disease, is a disease transmitted by different species of salmonella, which are bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
In the most common forms of salmonellosis, the patient suffering from gastroenteritis, which is inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, and acute enterocolitis.
The bacteria causing the disease is transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked food contaminated by feces. The meat, especially poultry, are a greater risk of contracting the disease, accompanied by eggs, unpasteurized milk and water.
Treatment
Treatment of the disease is to alleviate symptoms and to maintain the patient quite hydrated. In the case of bacteria escape the gut, migrate to the bloodstream and affect other organs, it is necessary administration of antibiotic drugs.
Remember that there are some groups of people who may suffer concerns. This is the case of the elderly, malnourished children, the sickle cell anemia and immunocompromised individuals.
Prevention
Wash your hands a lot, especially before eating or preparing food.
Avoid raw or undercooked meat.
Be very careful when cooking chicken or other birds.
Cook the eggs well.
Avoid recipes that involve raw foods, such as the famous homemade mayonnaise, which has raw eggs in their preparation.
Drink only boiled or pasteurized milk.
Keep eggs refrigerated always.
Wash food thoroughly before consuming them.
Clean carefully the objects of the kitchen, because they are used in meals.

Poliomyelitis - Infant Paralysis

Poliomyelitis, also known as infantile paralysis when it attacks children, is a viral infection caused by the poliovirus. The disease can be mild or severe. In more severe cases, polio can lead to paralysis and death.
Treatment
There are specific medicines or antibiotics that are effective against poliovirus. People who contract polio need medical attention to assess the potential complications of the disease and for rehabilitation.
Prevention
The only effective way to control polio is to maintain the highest possible vaccination in the community.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals, caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Leptospirosis in humans causes a wide range of symptoms, and some infected persons may have no symptoms whatsoever. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle pain and vomiting. The disease can also cause the following symptoms: yellowing eyes and skin, red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea and skin rashes. If leptospirosis is not treated, the patient may suffer kidney damage, meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), kidney failure and respiratory problems. And rare occasions leptospirosis can be fatal. Many of these symptoms can be confused with other illnesses, so that Leptospirosis is confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or urine.
Treatment
Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics, which should not be administered early in the disease. Intravenous antibiotics may be required for patients with more severe symptoms. Persons with symptoms suggestive of leptospirosis should seek medical attention.
Prevention
The risk of acquiring leptospirosis can be reduced by not swimming in water that may be contaminated with animal urine. Clothing and shoes that provide good protection should be worn by those exposed, by virtue of their work or activities, water or contaminated soil.

Infectious Hepatitis

Contagion
For water, food or contaminated objects.


Symptoms
 Jaundice, loss of appetite, fever with or without chills, back pain, joints and eyes, etc..


Control
Usual hygiene measures. Rest and proper diet to patients.

Gardíase

Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a microscopic organism (protozoan), called Giardia lamblia.
Treatment
Some infections go away on their own. Anti-infective drugs can be used.
Cure rates are typically greater than 80%. Drug resistance may be a factor for treatment failure, requiring sometimes a change in treatment with antibiotics.
In pregnant women, treatment should begin after birth because some drugs used to treat the infection can be harmful to the baby.
Prevention
Use purification methods such as boiling water, filtration and treatment with iodine before consuming surface water (river or lake). Adventurers or others who use surface water should consider all sources as potentially contaminated.
Daycare workers or institutions should wash hands well and use hygiene techniques properly when moving from one child to another or from one patient to another.
Safer sex practices, especially in relation to anal sex, can lower the risk of getting or passing giardiasis.

Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines, causing anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.
Treatment
You usually do not resort to using drugs to control vomiting and diarrhea, unless prescribed by your doctor. Nausea and vomiting are the defense mechanisms by which the body tries to expel the "aggressors".
The use of antidiarrheal drugs and / or antiemetic, resulting in better retention of pathogenic microorganisms in the body and hence a longer duration of illness. In bacterial gastroenteritis, antibiotics, altering the intestinal flora, may worsen diarrhea.
The basic therapy is represented by oral rehydration, or re-introduction of the fluids and minerals lost. To do this you use the proper rehydration solution can be purchased in pharmacies. The solution should be administered in small amounts, but often. In milder cases may be sufficient for consumption of beverages such as camomile tea with lemon and sugar, preferably at room temperature.
Prevention
Viral gastroenteritis can be avoided by following the most basic hygiene: wash your hands after using the bathroom or changing diapers and, anyway, always before eating, not eating or drinking, which may have been contaminated, disinfect surfaces clothes and wash at 60 ° C from contaminated feces or vomit, teach children to not put objects in their mouths.