The common cold or catarrh (aka cold) is a viral infection of the lining of the nose, sinuses, throat and large airways.
There are many viruses that cause colds. Picornaviruses and rhinoviruses, which cause most manifest in the spring, summer and autumn. The influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses that appear regularly in late autumn and winter, causing a variety of diseases including colds. The flu is easily transmitted from person to person through infected droplets that are expelled by coughing and sneezing. The rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial viruses are transmitted this way, but maybe they do mainly through direct contact with infected secretions transported fingers.
The reason why each one is more likely to become infected than in another moment is not entirely known. The cold exposure does not cause someone constipe or increase their susceptibility to becoming infected with a respiratory virus. It does not seem overly influence the general health of the person or their eating habits and also does not affect the fact that any abnormality in the nose or throat, tonsils and adenoids or large. However, those who are tired or manifest anxiety, those with allergies in the nose or throat and women who are in the middle of your menstrual cycle are more likely to acknowledge symptoms of a cold.
Treatment
A person should avoid congested cold and get some rest, trying to avoid contagion to others. This tends to happen more in the early stages of infection. Those who have more intense symptoms or fever should be isolated and at rest. Drinking fluids helps keep the fluid secretions to be easier to expel.
Medicines for catarrh are popular knowledge, but its benefits are unclear. (See Section 2 of Chapter 13) Aspirin, for example, can reach enhance dissemination of the virus, while only slightly improves symptoms. If necessary a medicament for relieving pain or fever a child or adolescent, it is preferable to administer acetaminophen or ibuprofen, aspirin because occasionally increases the risk of Reye's syndrome, a potentially lethal disorder. (See section 23, chapter 263)
Nasal decongestants can only limited and temporary relief. Antihistamines may relieve the nose, but it is shown that it can only in individuals with a history of allergy. On the other hand, cause drowsiness and other side effects, particularly in elderly people. Inhaling steam or essences through a nebulizer is a method that some find it helpful to loosen secretions and reduce tightness. Wash the nasal passages with a saline solution can help clear secretions more persistent. The cough may be the only way to eliminate waste and secretions from the respiratory tract during a virus, so it is preferable not to treat unless it interferes with sleep or causes a great discomfort. A severe coughing can be treated with an antitussive. Antibiotics are not effective against the phlegm; should only be used if there is also a bacterial superinfection.
Prevention
Since there are so many different viruses which cause colds, and considering that the rate of antibodies raised against such a virus decreases with the passage of time, most people can be a cold during its entire life. So far not yet created an effective vaccine against each of respiratory viruses, but every year we update a flu shot for acting on new strains of virus, and furthermore are building up vaccines for other viruses, as respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus.
The best preventive measures consist of a good hygiene. How many viruses that cause colds are transmitted by contact with infected secretions, wash hands often reject used tissues and clean all surfaces and elements can help reduce their spread.
Have been proposed and tried many treatments to prevent colds, but none proved to be reliable and effective. There has been shown that large doses of vitamin C (up to 2000 mg per day) reduce the risk of constipation, or the amount of virus infected person transmits.
Interferon is a drug that increases cell resistance to infection; inhaled through the nose, it can prevent infections caused by some varieties of viruses (particularly rhinoviruses). However, it does not work once the infection is already established, it may cause inflammation and nosebleeds and has limited effect against certain viruses, with influenza and parainfluenza.
There are many viruses that cause colds. Picornaviruses and rhinoviruses, which cause most manifest in the spring, summer and autumn. The influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses that appear regularly in late autumn and winter, causing a variety of diseases including colds. The flu is easily transmitted from person to person through infected droplets that are expelled by coughing and sneezing. The rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial viruses are transmitted this way, but maybe they do mainly through direct contact with infected secretions transported fingers.
The reason why each one is more likely to become infected than in another moment is not entirely known. The cold exposure does not cause someone constipe or increase their susceptibility to becoming infected with a respiratory virus. It does not seem overly influence the general health of the person or their eating habits and also does not affect the fact that any abnormality in the nose or throat, tonsils and adenoids or large. However, those who are tired or manifest anxiety, those with allergies in the nose or throat and women who are in the middle of your menstrual cycle are more likely to acknowledge symptoms of a cold.
Treatment
A person should avoid congested cold and get some rest, trying to avoid contagion to others. This tends to happen more in the early stages of infection. Those who have more intense symptoms or fever should be isolated and at rest. Drinking fluids helps keep the fluid secretions to be easier to expel.
Medicines for catarrh are popular knowledge, but its benefits are unclear. (See Section 2 of Chapter 13) Aspirin, for example, can reach enhance dissemination of the virus, while only slightly improves symptoms. If necessary a medicament for relieving pain or fever a child or adolescent, it is preferable to administer acetaminophen or ibuprofen, aspirin because occasionally increases the risk of Reye's syndrome, a potentially lethal disorder. (See section 23, chapter 263)
Nasal decongestants can only limited and temporary relief. Antihistamines may relieve the nose, but it is shown that it can only in individuals with a history of allergy. On the other hand, cause drowsiness and other side effects, particularly in elderly people. Inhaling steam or essences through a nebulizer is a method that some find it helpful to loosen secretions and reduce tightness. Wash the nasal passages with a saline solution can help clear secretions more persistent. The cough may be the only way to eliminate waste and secretions from the respiratory tract during a virus, so it is preferable not to treat unless it interferes with sleep or causes a great discomfort. A severe coughing can be treated with an antitussive. Antibiotics are not effective against the phlegm; should only be used if there is also a bacterial superinfection.
Prevention
Since there are so many different viruses which cause colds, and considering that the rate of antibodies raised against such a virus decreases with the passage of time, most people can be a cold during its entire life. So far not yet created an effective vaccine against each of respiratory viruses, but every year we update a flu shot for acting on new strains of virus, and furthermore are building up vaccines for other viruses, as respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus.
The best preventive measures consist of a good hygiene. How many viruses that cause colds are transmitted by contact with infected secretions, wash hands often reject used tissues and clean all surfaces and elements can help reduce their spread.
Have been proposed and tried many treatments to prevent colds, but none proved to be reliable and effective. There has been shown that large doses of vitamin C (up to 2000 mg per day) reduce the risk of constipation, or the amount of virus infected person transmits.
Interferon is a drug that increases cell resistance to infection; inhaled through the nose, it can prevent infections caused by some varieties of viruses (particularly rhinoviruses). However, it does not work once the infection is already established, it may cause inflammation and nosebleeds and has limited effect against certain viruses, with influenza and parainfluenza.
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