Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis - formerly called the "Gray Death", and also known in Portuguese as pulmonary phthisis or "breast disease" - is an infectious disease longest documented since that date and continues to afflict humanity today. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, also known as bacillus-of-koch. It is estimated that bacterium has evolved 40,000 years ago, from other bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium.
Tuberculosis is a disease considered socially determined, because its occurrence is directly related to how they organize the processes of production and social reproduction, as well as the implementation of policies to control the disease. The processes of production and reproduction are directly related to the way of life and work of the individual.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common and widespread disease. However, the tuberculosis bacillus may also affect other areas of our body, for example, larynx, bones and joints, the skin (lupus vulgaris), the lymphatic ganglia (escrófulo), intestines, kidneys and nervous system . Miliary tuberculosis is an infection spread to various parts of the body via blood. This type of tuberculosis may reach the meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord), causing serious infections called "tuberculous meningitis". [5] [6]
In several countries there was the idea that by 2010 the disease was controlled and virtually nonexistent. However, the advent of HIV and AIDS have dramatically changed this perspective. In 1993, due to the number of cases of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global emergency and proposed the DOTS (Directly Supervised Treatment) as a strategy to control the disease. [Citation needed]
Treatment
Persons infected with tuberculosis (class 2 or 4), but does not have the disease (as in classes 3 or 5) do not spread the infection to other people. Tuberculosis infection in a person who has the disease is not considered a case of tuberculosis and is usually reported as a latent TB infection. This distinction is important because treatment options are different for those with latent infection and for those with active disease.
Prevention
Immunization with BCG is between 50% and 80% of disease resistance. In tropical areas where the incidence of atypical Mycobacterium is high (exposure to some "Mycobacteria" not transmitting TB gives some protection against TB), the efficacy of BCG is much smaller. UK teenagers 15 years are usually vaccinated during school.