Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is defined by a cough that lasts from three months to two years. Other symptoms may include wheezing and shortness of breath, especially during exercise. The cough is often worse soon after awakening, and the sputum produced may have a yellow or green and may be streaked with blood.
Chronic bronchitis is caused by a recurrent lesions or irritation of the respiratory epithelium of the bronchi resulting in chronic inflammation, edema (swelling), and increased mucus production by goblet cells. The flow of air into and out of the lungs is partially blocked by swelling of the mucus in the bronchi and extra or due to reversible bronchospasm.
Most cases of chronic bronchitis is caused by smoking cigarettes or other forms of tobacco. Chronic inhalation of irritant vapors or dust from occupational exposure or air pollution can also be causative. About 5% of the population has chronic bronchitis, and is twice as common in women than in men.
Chronic bronchitis is treated symptomatically. Inflammation and edema of the respiratory epithelium can be reduced with inhaled corticosteroids. Wheezing and shortness of breath can be treated by reducing bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the bronchi reversible lower due to constriction of the smooth muscle) with inhaled bronchodilators such as β-adrenergic agonists (e.g., salbutamol) and inhaled anticholinergics (eg bromide Ipratropium). Hypoxemia too little oxygen in the blood, can be treated with supplemental oxygen. However, the oxygen supplementation can result in decreased respiratory drive, leading to increased blood levels of carbon dioxide and subsequent respiratory acidosis.
The most effective method of preventing chronic bronchitis and other forms of COPD is cigarette smoking and prevent other forms of tobacco.
Treatment
If the patient has chronic bronchitis and is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, he will need medication to open the airways and help get rid of mucus. These medications include bronchodilators and steroids. Sometimes, people with chronic bronchitis need oxygen therapy to help them breathe better and have enough oxygen in the body.
Prevention
It is not always possible to prevent chronic bronchitis. However, one can take steps to reduce the risk. The most important step is not to smoke. Also try to avoid other lung irritants, such as smoke, fumes, air pollution, and dust. Wash hands often to reduce exposure to germs. Keep flu vaccine every year, especially if you have lung problems.